Prevalence and risk factor of spinal cord injury among adult population in Bangladesh

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition with profound physical, psychological, and socioeconomic consequences. Globally, young and middle-aged adults are most affected, primarily due to road traffic accidents and falls. In Bangladesh, limited evidence exists on patient profiles. This study examined the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of SCI among adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 patients with traumatic SCI admitted to specialized rehabilitation centers in Bangladesh. Data on demographics, lifestyle, driving behaviors, and clinical features were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. SCI predominantly affected men (72.5%), especially those aged 28–37 years. Students (23.0%) and service holders (21.0%) were the most affected occupational groups, and 60.5% were married. Lifestyle risks were frequent, with 59.5% smoking and nearly half exercising irregularly. Road safety issues were common, with over half lacking helmets or valid licenses. Clinically, 43.5% had chronic diseases, 44.5% experienced widespread pain, and 57.5% reported pain moving across the body. SCI in Bangladesh disproportionately affects men in their most productive years, driven by unsafe driving, lifestyle risks, and limited rehabilitation access. Strengthening road safety enforcement, promoting lifestyle modification, and expanding integrated rehabilitation services are critical to reducing disability and improving quality of life.