Advances in neurology: The impact of artificial intelligence on the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases

Although AI has immense potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases, continued progress is needed in system transparency, clinical validation, and regulation to ensure that these tools are safely and effectively adopted in medical practice. Therefore, the objective is to explore the potential of Artificial Intelligence in the early and accurate diagnosis of neurological diseases, highlighting its benefits, technical and ethical challenges, and the need for advancements in transparency, clinical validation, and regulation for its safe and effective adoption in medical practice. The methodology of this study is based on a narrative review of the literature, aimed at analyzing the impact of Artificial Intelligence on the diagnosis of neurological diseases. Despite advances, challenges remain, including the need for high-quality data and population diversity, as well as issues related to model interpretability and large-scale clinical validation. However, with the continuous improvement of AI technologies and their integration with clinical decision support systems, the perspective is that neurology will increasingly benefit from these innovations, improving the quality of patient care. The combination of AI with advances in neuroimaging, genetics, and digital monitoring has the potential to transform neurological care, enabling faster diagnoses, more effective treatments, and better quality of life for patients. Thus, Artificial Intelligence not only enhances the understanding of neurological diseases but also drives precision medicine, establishing itself as one of the pillars of the future of neurology.